10 Things We We Hate About Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is vulnerable to populist impulses. However, it is more stable than might be expected.
The country is looking for a new way of developing. The Confucian culture, which stresses respect for ancestors as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of modern Koreans survived by hunting and gathering wild food. About 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock and made furs. They also established tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also developed an industry of metallurgy, which produced iron tools and bronze. They traded with other states and introduced cedon paper making block printing art styles, and a written language to Japan.
Gojoseon was established in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state adopted Chinese culture which included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical state where the monarch and other senior officials were members of the aristocracy of the land, while the rest of its population was peasants. The state extracted taxes from these citizens, and often required them to serve in the army or take part in projects for the government like building fortifications.
At the end of the period, the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. This new kingdom expanded into the southwest of the peninsula, and clashed against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the area. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas into its state belief system in 1390 CE, and established the male-centric notion of filiopiety into a doctrine. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible for their families and had to be revered and obeyed by all, including their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a nation which ruled from 918 until 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet, based on the patterns created by the mouth when pronouncing. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable type were also refined. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' first appeared in 1145 CE.
The evolution of Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. Early evidence of human settlements are evident in the form graves lined with stone, with precious goods such as amazonite jewellery being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, known as dolmens, and made from single large stones are common in the country.
In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognisable political state. The peninsula was later ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) including Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern part of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom that historians do consider to be a genuine Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all however, its dynasty ended when Goguryeo was defeated in 676 CE, leaving the southern provinces of Manchuria and the western region around Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy thrived for some time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to work together to expand their territories. Silla with the aid of the Chinese, eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters a post-crisis era the way it develops appears to be changing. The people who are awed by the enormous cost of the old system support a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and product markets. On the other hand, those who support the old system want to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and generating fear about job losses.
Analysts and academics are divided on the extent to which Korea's growth is being driven by these two trends. This article focuses on the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development including illiberal democracies (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877), democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and participatory democracy (2002). This article also highlights key factors that seem to be shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their views among this group. A survey in 2009 found that nearly one third of respondents do not believe in evolution. Of those, 41% claimed that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support evolution 39% claimed that the theory was in contradiction to their religious beliefs; and 17% said it was difficult to grasp. This level of disbelief approaches that in the United States, where a similar number of people do not believe that humans evolved from earlier species of life.
In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea was primarily focused on educating students and bringing Christ to them. In 1980 an all-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the main speakers. The event attracted an impressive crowd of scientists, professors and church leaders.
The success of this event led to the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st 1981. The meeting was covered extensively in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, in which it covered its activities and published articles on the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of films and slides from ICR and also some books on the subject that were published outside of Korea. KACR members taught throughout the country at universities and churches.
A KACR success was seen at the KAIST University in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so keen on the concept of creationism that they raised money and got funding to build a small museum dedicated to creation on campus.
In addition to its public activities, 에볼루션 게이밍 KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine called CREATION, which covers topics in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of talks by ICR staff. It has also created branches in local offices that give talks and seminars to children and community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the late nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced with miniskirts and other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. In this time the famous samulnori, also known as the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drummers and other instruments of music.
Korea's new development model is being developed in the wake of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is to strike a balance between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring or disciplining schemes which have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
The Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by people living along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other regions, as well as migrants from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. Consequently, it came into frequent confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders along the border.
The decline of Silla in the 8th and early 9th centuries enabled powerful local factions to rise. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. It also exerted control over part of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. After Gungye was defeated by an influential local leader, Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully integrated into Goryeo as an heir state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centrally-run system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was later controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually developed into powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.